Waxing gibbous, December 31, 2014 (evening)

8:21 PM

8:21 PM

Waxing gibbous, December 31, 2014 (early morning)

12:16 AM

12:17 AM

12:18 AM

Waxing gibbous, December 29, 2014

8:51 PM

Waning gibbous, December 7, 2014

Clouds covered the Moon most of the time since December 4. We finally had some visibility the night of December 6, but by then the Full Moon had already been and gone. When I finally took these photos in the early morning hours of December 7, clouds were racing across the face of the Moon.

3:47 AM. High shutter speed, contrast and brightness enhanced, unsharp masking applied. Wispy, fast-moving clouds creating dimness in lower right.

3:48 AM, standard automatic settings. Brightness diminished, contrast enhanced, unsharp masking applied.

Waxing gibbous, December 4, 2014

The weather has been unsettled lately, with snow and rain and lots of clouds. Photographing the Moon has been a hit-or-miss operation. Last night the moon was Waxing Gibbous, nearly Full, and I saw a chance during breaks in the clouds, so I took it.  

The Moon in context. Note Orion shrouded in clouds, emerging over the house. December 4, 2014, 10:27 PM.

Automatic settings, December 4, 2014, 10:29 PM. Unsharp masking applied to bring out detail.

High shutter speed settings, brightness and contrast manually adjusted, unsharp masking applied. December 4, 2014, 10:31 PM.

Waxing crescent, November 28, 2014

The evening of November 28, 2014 started out clear and cold. I was heading out to Scranton to take part in the Kick Out the Bottom Open Voice reading, but first I wanted to grab some images of the Waxing Crescent (nearly First Quarter) Moon. I set up the tripod and took a few images. 

Waxing crescent, November 28, 2014, 6:07 PM. Unsharp masking applied.

Waxing crescent, November 28, 2014, 6:07 PM. 60 frames per second, sharpness and contrast enhanced.

A few hours later, when I got home from Scranton, things had changed quite a bit. The Moon, of course, had sunk lower in the West, but now the sky was full of wispy clouds. The Moon had also moved into the neighborhood of smoke from chimneys (mostly from natural gas furnaces) and was dangerously close to some power lines and branches.

9:49 PM, November 28, 2014. Thomas Kinkade painted the Moon too low.

I took a shot at capturing the Moon, hoping to see how the terminator had advanced in the last three and a half hours. Unfortunately, the haze made it difficult to see much detail.

Waxing crescent, 9:51 PM, November 28, 2014. Shot through clouds.

Waxing crescent, 9:51 PM, November 28, 2014. Same image as previous, but with unsharp masking applied. It doesn't help, much.

Waxing crescent, Thursday, November 27, 2014

Waxing crescent, Thursday, November 27, 2014, 8:41 PM. Thanksgiving night.

Sharpening the Moon

It's been pretty cloudy for the past few weeks, and getting decent Moon photos has been difficult at best. I had a productive night on Sunday, November 2, and these photos are from that session. They're variations on one image taken at 10:48 PM and another taken at 10:50 PM.

I wanted to explore the ways of sharpening images of the Moon. I've noticed some photographers at the Facebook group SHOOT THE MOON routinely get sharp, crisp images with stunning detail. How do they do that.? I pondered this for a while and then a term came back to to me from many years ago: unsharp masking.

Unsharp masking is a technique which...well, as best I understand it, it brings out details in your images by sharpening edge contrasts or something. I read about it in an astronomy magazine fifteen years or so ago. The article covered some ways to do it manually, involving stacked images with some slightly out-of-focus or overexposed or something. It also talked about techniques for manually developing photos using an unsharp mask - this was back when astrophotography often meant you were developing your own photos in your own darkroom. Now, it means you found the "Unsharp Mask" button on your free photo development software.

One of the problems with photographing the Moon is that it is so bright. This tends to overwhelm the imager, especially when the Moon is between one and three weeks old, and can create soft images that almost seem washed-out.

Waxing gibbous Moon, November 2, 2014, 10:48 PM

The Unsharp Mask feature on the GIMP software I use recommends decomposing the image into HSV format, applying the unsharp mask, and then recomposing the image. I have no idea what those words mean, but I followed the onscreen instructions (available by hitting the F1 key while hovering over the Unsharp Mask button) and the result was a subtle but detectable improvement in the image.

Unsharp mask applied per instructions

But I had had more dramatic results last night when I was playing with this. At that time I wasn't following the directions, just winging it. I decided to try winging it again, and got a more dramatic but very artificial-looking result.

Unsharp mask: winging it

Some time ago I developed my own technique for getting sharper images of the Moon when it's close to Full. I discovered the Manual setting on my camera, and through monkeying with the settings I discovered one that takes 60 images per second at a lower resolution. These images are dimmer but much less washed-out, so I can process them to bring out detail that would otherwise be lost.

High shutter speed image, November 2, 2014, 10:50 PM.

The first step in improving this image is to brighten in. How much brightening is needed depends on how bright the original image was. In this case, I brightened it by 95 somethings. (I have no idea what.)

Brightness increased by 95.

I followed this by cranking up the contrast. Through trial and error, I decided that the appropriate contrast increase would be 85 somethings. So that's where it is.

Brightness increased by 95, contrast enhanced by 85. Looks pretty good.

So there you have it: two ways of improving the appearance of the Moon. I will continue to learn the unsharp mask method, but I'm happy with my brightness and contrast enhancement technique.

A bird on the face of the Moon, October 9, 2014, 12:40 AM

Here's a tale of lunar photography I chose to tell on my primary blog, Another Monkey.

http://anothermonkey.blogspot.com/2014/10/a-bird-on-face-of-moon-october-9-2014.html

For a taste of what it's about, get a load of this:

Lunar eclipse at sunrise, October 8, 2014

Eclipsed Moon setting in totality, photographed from the Nanticoke-West Nanticoke bridge over the Susquehanna river, Nanticoke, PA.

A full account of my experience of this eclipse can be found here.

Waxing gibbous, October 4, 2014

Two views of the Waxing gibbous Moon. The first was taken at 10:22 PM in "Sports" mode, which uses a high shutter speed to capture fast motion - or cut down on the effect of any microscopic vibrations in the tripod. The second was taken at 10:24 PM in a manual mode that takes a lower-resolution image at 60 frames per second. This results in a dimmer image but has the effect of filtering out the glare of reflected sunlight. Adjusting the brightness and contrast results in an image that brings out fine details of the Moon's surface otherwise lost in the glare.

First quarter and clouds, October 1, 2014

Wednesday, October 1 was the First Quarter point, the day the the Moon appears lit up on its Western-facing half. It was also just the second day of this lunar cycle that wasn't completely clouded out - for a little while.

The Moon seemed unusually bright, and the camera had a hard time adjusting to it. Tripod shot at 42x magnification. Image taken at 8:19 PM, shortly before the Moon vanished entirely - see below.

I used my standard trick for teasing out detail when the Moon is so bright: I took images at 60 frames per second and enhanced them. This mode takes sixty lower-resolution shots in a row, and the images are usually so dim that, except at Full Moon, some enhancement is needed. I crank up the brightness and the contrast to manipulate the data in the image so that things that are washed-out in regular images become visible. This results in an eerie view of the Moon under lighting conditions that we never experience in real life, showing craters and rays and highlands that are not visible in a typical image. Taken at 8:12 PM.

A huge, thick cloud bank rolls to cover the Moon at 8:15 PM. In a few minutes, this brought the evening's photography to an end, and I was able to resume my garbage night duties. Note the teapot of Sagittarius directly below the Moon.

Saturn and a Waxing crescent, Saturday, September 27, 7:35 PM

I hadn't really done my homework before I went out to photograph the Moon last night, so I was a little surprised by how far off it was to the South. I also didn't know what the bright "star" off to the left was, but I tried my best to capture it in my images.

The "star" turned out to be Saturn.

I learned all sorts of things about my camera last night. Like, when I take an image in "Night Landscape" mode, it actually takes four images and layers them together. That the camera is very sensitive to any vibration as these photos are taken. And that my Nikon Coolpix P520 is capable of resolving Saturn.

Yep. That's Saturn.

Next time I'll try Sports mode. Will the high shutter speed produce a clearer image, or just a dimmer one?

Jupiter and a Waning crescent, September 19, 2014

The Moon and Jupiter in the pre-dawn Eastern sky, September 19, 2014, 6:13 AM

Waning crescent Moon, September 19, 2014, 6:16 AM

Last quarter amongst the clouds: September 15, 2014, 12:33 AM

Last night the Moon wasn't quite at Last quarter, but it was pretty darned close. Unfortunately it was obscured by broken clouds that thundered across its face. Sometimes it put in an appearance, as did nearby Aldebaran.

September 15, 2014, 12:33 AM

Detail of above featuring the Moon and Aldebaran

I took a series of close-up shots, but the clouds were a constant problem. Below are the best two images.

September 15, 2014, 12:35 AM

September 15, 2014, 12:36 AM

September 14, 2014, 2:43 - 2:44 AM

The Moon was at an in-between phase last night, Waning gibbous on its way to Last quarter. I find the quarter (or "half") phases most interesting, as details tend to show up more sharply due to the long shadows at or near the terminator.

I'm presenting these photos out of order. This is a regular image taken at 2:44 AM. In it you can see the remarkable shadows in the craters along the terminator, as well as sunlight reflecting off the tops of mountains beyond the terminator!

However, the "bright" parts of the Moon, where the sun is closer to directly overhead, are washed out and overexposed. They show up better with a short exposure shot at 60 frames per second. As these shots are very dim, I needed to adjust the brightness and contrast. This also brings out fine details not visible in the normal photograph. (The colors in this photo are, I believe, a side effect of this adjustment.)

This also causes some of the fine details along the terminator to get lost. Here is a close-up of those details from the first photo:

A note on the sizes of things:

The large round feature along the terminator in the top half of the photo is Mare Serenetatis. There's a small bright crater at the bottom called Menalaus, 27 kilometers across - about 17 miles. That's not even the smallest feature in this image. Not bad for a picture of something 238,900 miles away!

Here Menalaus is the bright crater on the center left. The image clearly shows many smaller craters south of it. And check out the wrinkle of Dorsa Smirnov clearly visible in the upper part of Mare Serenitatis!

September 7, 2014, 10:05 PM

Waxing gibbous, just a few hours from Full. 60fps, contrast and brightness enhanced.

August 13, 2014, 11:32 PM

Waning gibbous phase, a few days after Full. This is a late-night shot for me, taken freehand - standing on my back porch steps, trying to stabilize myself against the open storm door - because I couldn't find a spot where I could position my tripod and still have an obstruction-free shot of the Moon. It was taken at 60 fps, and contrast and brightness were enhanced. This helped to bring out all the craters along the terminator.  

August 10, 2014, 2:21 AM

Full Moon, or very very nearly so. 60 fps, contrast and brightness enhanced.

August 4, 2014, 9:34 PM

Clouds and the Moon, July 13, 2014

The Moon was technically Full on July 12, 2014. I went out after midnight in the early morning hours of July 13 to try to photograph the Moon, but clouds threatened to interfere. After some quick shots, I decided to photograph the Moon with the clouds for context. I think they came out well.